We have good news for you! If you live in the UK and do not live in a listed building or conservational area then no you do not need planning permission to have a solar panel system installed to your home.
If you live in a listed building or conservational area then you will actually need planning permission. If you live in a listed building it simply means it needs to be part of a planning system to protect its historical features. If you live in a listed building then you will need two lots of permissions for the added protection for your historic home. Consent is dependent up on the building you live in and also the placement of the panels.
If you’re not sure whether you live in a listed building then you can check the NHLE
You can apply for planning permission for listed and conservational building here